Natural influenza A virus infections elicit both virus-specific antibody and CD4+ and CD8+ T
cell responses. Influenza A virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to …

A reverse genetics strategy was used to insert the OVA peptide (amino acid sequence
SIINFEKL; OVA 257–264) into the neuraminidase stalk of both the A/PR8 (H1N1) and A/HK× …

As an in vivo model for studying human MHC (HLA) class I-restricted CTL responses to viral
infection, we established a series of HLA Tg mice expressing HLA-A2,-B7 or-B27 …

Influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell clonotypes generated and maintained in C57BL/6J mice
after respiratory challenge were found previously to distribute unequally between the CD62L …

In the present study, the recognition of epitope variants of influenza A viruses by human CTL
was investigated. To this end, human CD8+ CTL clones, specific for natural variants of the …

Background Factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been
studied systematically. We hypothesized that T-cell and antibody responses to the vaccines …

CD8+ T cells are essential in the defence against viruses. Recently, peptide–HLA class I
tetramers have been used to study immune responses to viruses in humans. This approach …

T cell recognition of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) is mediated by
the highly variable T cell receptor (TCR). Despite this built-in TCR variability, individuals can …

Class I restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses are thought to be focused against
few immunodominant epitopes. In humans, an often quoted example of such narrow focus is …

CD8+ T cells recognizing antigenic peptides derived from conserved internal viral proteins
confer broad protection against distinct influenza viruses. As memory CD8+ T cells change …