The importance of costimulation on CD4+ T cells has been well documented. However,
primary CTLs against many infections including influenza can be generated in the absence …

The ability of influenza virus to evade immune surveillance by neutralizing antibodies (Abs)
directed against its variable surface antigens provides a challenge to the development of …

In the course of viral infection, the immune system exploits only a fraction of the available
CTL repertoire and focuses on a few of a myriad of potentially antigenic peptides. This …

In this study, we analyze the recall response to influenza A matrix peptide M1 (58-66)
restricted by HLA-A2 in one individual and find a strict CDR3 selection as well as a high …

Pre‐existing human CD 4+ and CD 8+ T‐cell‐mediated immunity may be a useful correlate
of protection against severe influenza disease. Identification and evaluation of common …

Memory CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for antigenic peptides derived from internal
viral proteins confer broad protection against distinct strains of influenza A virus (IAV) …

Background Although γδ T cells comprise up to 10% of human peripheral blood T cells,
questions remain regarding their role in disease states and T‐cell receptor (TCR) clonal …

The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans remains a global health concern.
Current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins …

The MHC class I cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in mice given formalin-inactivated
influenza whole-virus vaccine (WVV) with or without cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was …

Influenza virus has proved an excellent model for the study of the specificity of cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTL) and of the processing of viral antigens. Fundamental information about …