Background Carotenoids are thought to have anti-cancer properties, but findings from
population-based research have been inconsistent. Objective We aimed to conduct a …

Several hundred carotenoid research studies have been published since 1996, when two
major intervention trials showed a lack of protective effect of β-carotene supplements against …

Background: Carotenoids may reduce lung carcinogenesis because of their antioxidant
properties; however, few studies have examined the relation between intakes of individual …

Intervention trials with supplemental β-carotene have observed either no effect or a harmful
effect on lung cancer risk. Because food composition databases for specific carotenoids …

Carotenoids and retinol are considered biomarkers of fruits and vegetables intake, and are
of much interest because of their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however …

While diets rich in fruit and vegetables appear to reduce lung cancer risk, the evidence for
individual carotenoid and vitamin intakes has been judged too limited to reach firm …

The epidemiologic evidence that carotenoids are involved in cancer etiology is evaluated.
Low intake of vegetables and fruits and carotenoids is consistently associated with an …

Findings from several β-carotene supplementation trials were unexpected and conflicted
with most observational studies. Carotenoids other than β-carotene are found in a variety of …

The conflicting evidence of the relation between β-carotene and lung cancer in humans
serves as a poignant case study with respect to what types of evidence are sufficient to …

Based on extensive epidemiological observation, fruits and vegetables that are a rich source
of carotenoids are thought to provide health benefits by decreasing the risk of various …