Angiotensin II not only is a vasoconstrictor, but it also affects cell growth and apoptosis,
inflammation, fibrosis, and coagulation. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, either …

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) causes∼ 170 000 deaths annually worldwide. Most
guidelines recommend asymptomatic small AAAs (30 to< 50 mm in women; 30 to< 55 mm in …

ACE inhibitors are taken by thousands of patients and have been shown to be very safe.
However, all medications have side effects, and there are some for which patients should be …

In the treatment of most medical conditions, there are many choices. A critical question for
practicing clinicians is:“Are all drugs within a class interchangeable?” In the past decade, the …

Background A steady rise in mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was reported
in the 1980s and 1990s, although this is now declining rapidly. Reasons for the recent …

ACE inhibitors have achieved widespread usage in the treatment of cardiovascular and
renal disease. ACE inhibitors alter the balance between the vasoconstrictive, salt-retentive …

The Prevention of Events with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition (PEACE) trial is an
8,100 patient, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to determine the …

Endothelial cells are a rich source of a variety of vasoactive substances, which either cause
vasodilation or vasoconstriction. Important endothelium-derived vasodilators are …

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use is presumed to be
contraindicated in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). We determined the hemodynamic …

Most guidelines for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease recommend
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as first-choice therapy, whereas …