Wind-pollinated seed orchards are often subjected to pollen intrusion from outside pollen
sources. When wind-pollinated seed orchards seed are used to establish progeny trials, the …

Background: Forest tree breeding in Sweden has reached a level where we establish
orchards with genetically tested and selected first generation plustrees for both Scots pine …

Contamination by southern pollen is a considerable problem in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris
L.) seed orchards established with northern clones. This study investigated whether the …

Paternity and/or parental analyses were carried out on these 2,564 offsprings with the
Cervus software (likelihood inference methodology with 99% confidence level) based on 60 …

The joint levels of outcrossing and contamination in two young northern Swedish Scots pine
(Pinus sylvestris L.) seed orchards were studied with the aid of allozyme markers. High …

We investigated mating structure and gene flow in a clonal seed orchard of Scots pine
(Pinus sylvestris L.) over three consecutive pollination seasons (2010–2012) with nine …

Controlled crosses and progeny testing are important components of tree breeding
programs. Recently, a new approach,'breeding without breeding'(BWB), has been proposed …

The natural pollen cloud moving around with the winds in early summer may account for
50% of pollinations in mature seed orchards with high internal pollen production. The …

Seed orchards are forest tree production populations for supplying the forest industry with
consistent and abundant seed crops of superior genetic quality. However, genetic quality …

Seed orchards are the key link between tree breeding and production forest for conifer trees.
In Sweden, Scots pine and Norway spruce seed orchards currently supply ca. 85% of …