Objective To determine the optimal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil direction for
inducing motor responses in the tongue in a group of non-neurologically impaired …

Electrophysiological evaluation of motor pathways to the lingual muscles is technically
challenging. Previous studies utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the parieto …

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the lingual muscles elicited by focal cortical transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a figure 8-shaped coil were investigated in 17 healthy …

Surface recordings of EMG responses were performed bilaterally from the tongue following
transcranial magnetic cortex (TCS) and nerve stimulation (TNS) to characterize the activated …

Objective: We have assessed a technique to stimulate the intracranial hypoglossal nerve
with ease and reproducibility by using magnetic coils (MCs) and to detect a reliable site of …

OBJECTIVE: Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used to
study motor cortex organization and excitability, the reliability of this technique has not been …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as we use it today, was developed in the 1980s,
and already in the 1990s, it was clear it would became an essential tool to study human …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive tool for inducing cortical
excitability changes [1]. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of tDCS over the …

The high incidence of dysphagia following neurologic disease, together with its impact on
health, fiscal, social and quality-of-life domains, has necessitated a greater understanding of …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel intervention that can modulate brain
excitability in health and disease; however, little is known about its effects on bilaterally …