BACKGROUND Mammalian germ cells differentiate into oocytes in females and
spermatozoa in males. An oocyte and a spermatozoon fuse to form a zygote and then …

The germ cell lineage originates early in development and undergoes a series of complex
developmental processes that culminate in the generation of fully matured gametes, the …

The in vitro generation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can have a
substantial effect on future reproductive medicine and animal breeding. A decade ago, in …

Human in vitro gametogenesis may transform reproductive medicine. Human pluripotent
stem cells (hPSCs) have been induced into primordial germ cell–like cells (hPGCLCs); …

INTRODUCTION Germ cells develop in a specific environment in the reproductive organs.
Throughout oogenesis, oocytes are encapsulated by somatic cells in follicle structures that …

The in vitro derivation and propagation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from pluripotent
stem cells (PSCs) is a key goal in reproductive science. We show here that when …

Mammalian male germ-cell development consists of three distinct phases: primordial germ
cell (PGC) development, male germ-cell specification for spermatogonium development …

The generation of properly functioning gametes in vitro requires reconstitution of the
multistepped pathway of germ cell development. We demonstrate here the generation of …

In vitro generation of functional gametes is a promising approach for treating infertility,
although faithful replication of meiosis has proven to be a substantial obstacle to deriving …

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have
been shown to differentiate into primordial germ cells (PGCs) but not into spermatogonia …