Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) administered as single agents have resulted in
durable tumor regression in advanced cancer patients. However, only a minority of cancer …

Background The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell
death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …

Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints are fast-developing therapeutic
approaches adopted for several tumor types that trigger unprecedented rates of durable …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide.
Sorafenib monotherapy has been the standard of first-line treatment for advanced HCC for a …

Simple Summary The cytotoxic T cell response against hepatocellular carcinoma antigens is
exhausted and fails in its task of deleting tumoral cells. These cells are featured by the …

Introduction The immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was
discovered in 1992 by Professor Tasuku Honjo and his research team at Kyoto University …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasia of the liver. There
have been tremendous efforts in the development of therapeutic strategies in the last …

Aim A programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor coupled with radiotherapy and antiangiogenic
therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We …

A predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments in
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we …

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor on the surface of immune cells is an immune
checkpoint molecule that mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. Consequently …