METHODS: We collected fresh HCC biopsies, along with adjacent tumor-free liver tissues
and peripheral blood samples, from 21 patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, we …

Background & Aims T-cell exhaustion, or an impaired capacity to secrete cytokines and
proliferate with overexpression of immune checkpoint receptors, occurs during chronic viral …

Immune checkpoint blockade combined with antiangiogenic therapy induces vascular
normalization and antitumor immunity and is efficacious in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); …

Introduction: The tumor microenvironments of different organs often differ and thus may
affect the immunotherapy response. Objective: This study elucidated that the efficacy of …

Abstract Background and Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising agents for the
treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) refractory to conventional therapies. To …

Background: Reversal of CD8 T-cell exhaustion was considered a major antitumor
mechanism of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD …

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carries a dismal prognosis and the current
treatment is limited to sorafenib, an agent with modest benefit. Preclinical data have …

Objective: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the tumor microenvironment
(TME) has been reported to be related to prognosis in patients with hepatocellular …

Simple Summary The use of anti-programmed cell-death protein (ligand)-1 (PD-[L] 1) is now
a standard of care for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the treatment only …

Background & Aims The characterization of T cells infiltrating hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) provides information on cancer immunity and also on selection of patients with …