Defects of orbital walls can be reconstructed using implants. The authors report a safe and
accurate method to reconstruct bone defects in the orbital area using patient specific …

Aim Purpose of this case report is to highlight the precision and accuracy obtained with
patient specific implants for orbital reconstruction designed on the basis of volumetric …

Background: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the orbital floor is a key procedure in
primary or secondary orbital deformity. A new procedure for individually bending and …

Background: In addition to functional goals, a satisfactory aesthetic outcome is important for
reconstruction of fronto-orbital osseous defects. The purpose of this study is to report on a …

Purpose: Despite its increasing use in craniofacial reconstructions, three-dimensional (3D)
printing of customized orbital implants has not been widely adopted. Limitations include the …

Patients with complex defects of the frontal and orbital regions present a myriad of problems
for the reconstructive surgeon. In this review, options that allow state-of-the-art …

Background: It is difficult to restore original orbital contours because of their complex 3-
dimensional structure. Moreover, slight implant malpositioning can result in enophthalmos or …

The purpose of this article is to describe a technique for secondary reconstruction of
traumatic orbital wall defects using titanium implants that act as three-dimensional (3D) …

BACKGROUND: In 2009 a method of creating individual, patient specific orbital wall
implants using rapid prototyping (RP) was shown in a preliminary human study. That study …

Objectives To describe and evaluate a novel surgical approach to orbital wall reconstruction
that uses three-dimensionally (3D) printed templates to mold a customized orbital implant …