Numerous studies have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment not only responds to
and supports carcinogenesis, but also actively contributes to tumor initiation, progression …

Malignant transformation of an epithelium occurs within the context of a dynamically
evolving tissue stroma that is composed of multiple cell types surrounded by an extracellular …

Normal tissue homeostasis is maintained by dynamic interactions between epithelial cells
and their microenvironment. As tissue becomes cancerous, there are reciprocal interactions …

Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main
causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer …

Cancer cells acquire cell-autonomous capacities to undergo limitless proliferation and
survival through the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes …

The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in various stages of cancer
development. This environment, composed of the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts …

The tumor microenvironment, composed of non‐cancer cells and their stroma, has become
recognized as a major factor influencing the growth of cancer. The microenvironment has …

In the past 25 years, a majority of cancer studies have focused on examining functional
consequences of activating and/or inactivating mutations in critical genes implicated in cell …

Increasing evidence indicates that tumor–stromal cell interactions have a crucial role in
tumor initiation and progression. These interactions modify cellular compartments, leading to …

Recent advances in tumor biology have revealed that a detailed analysis of the complex
interactions of tumor cells with their adjacent microenvironment (tumor stroma) is mandatory …