… T cells into tumor tissues) may indicate lack of PD-L1 expression. However, upon T cell
activation, T cells can traffic to tumors, up-regulate expression of immune checkpoints such as …

… a paradigm shift in tumor immunotherapies. … tissues through its interaction with programmed
death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Given their suppressive effects on anti-tumor immunity, it …

… upregulation in tumor tissue, compared to matched normal tissue [… immune checkpoint
inhibitors can augment the anti-tumor … augment the action of immune checkpoint inhibitor. The role …

… In this chapter we discuss the discovery of immune checkpoints, the clinical application of …
many tumor types (ORR 21%), with the highest rates in melanoma and NSCLC. Tumor tissue …

… other in the staining of tumor tissue. In contrast, SP142 antibody used in diagnostic testing
for atezolizumab was found to underscore tumor tissue and overscore immune cell PD-L1 …

… controlling immune response in normal tissues, not tumor tissue specific. Since tumors
take … mechanisms to protect their tissue from immune attack, these mechanisms intended to …

… the tissue damage. More and more evidences have shown that inhibitory or stimulatory immune
checkpoint … the roles of the tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecules beyond …

… tumors with TILs as a type I tumor microenvironment and proposed it to be most likely to
respond to immune checkpoint … Tumor tissues from melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab …

… ex vivo tissue culture model to investigate individual tumor … Tissue cultures have a long
tradition and have recently been … to tumor tissue, allowing to study the complexity of the tumor and …

… tumor cells usually cannot provide a durable response. The discovery of immune checkpoints
that regulate immune … of ICOS + CD4 T cells in tumor tissues, possibly in the context of …