The pleiotropic function of 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent
pathways in health and disease led to the development of pharmacological …

Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
asthma, affect millions of people all over the world. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate …

By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their …

Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of acute lung damage, currently
approved treatment possibilities are limited to lung-protective ventilation, prone positioning …

Introduction Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are isoenzymes ubiquitously expressed in the
lungs where they catalyse cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine …

Background and Purpose cAMP is a central second messenger that broadly regulates cell
function and can underpin pathophysiology. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a …

Xanthines like theophylline have long been recognised as being effective drugs for the
treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They are of interest …

Background and Purpose Nicotinic ACh receptors containing the α7 sub‐unit (α7‐nAChRs)
suppress inflammation through a wide range of pathways in immune cells. These receptors …

Abstract Roflumilast (Daliresp®, Daxas®) is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)
inhibitor that decreases systemic and pulmonary inflammation and improves disease …

Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an intracellular enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes the
second messenger, cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), into inactive noncyclic …