Effective drug therapy to optimally influence disease requires an understanding of a drug's
pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenomic interrelationships. In …

The newest class of antiretrovirals for all persons living with HIV are the integrase strand
transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Since 2007, five INSTIs have been introduced: raltegravir …

When administering eye drops, even when completely correctly applied, several routes of
absorption are possible and excess amounts can sometimes cause an unwanted systemic …

Drug-protein binding plays a key role in determining the pharmacokinetics of a drug. The
distribution and protein binding ability of a drug changes over a lifetime, and are important …

The clinical use of doxorubicin in cancer is limited by cardiotoxic effects that can lead to
heart failure. Whereas earlier work focused on the direct impact of doxorubicin on …

The liver represents a major eliminating and detoxifying organ, determining exposure to
endogenous compounds, drugs, and other xenobiotics. Drug transporters (DTs) and drug …

The total number of paediatric formulations available only account for a small proportion of
the full therapeutic plethora required to effectively treat paediatrics and, therefore, the …

Exposure to synthetic and natural chemicals is a major environmental risk factor in the
etiology of many chronic diseases. Investigating complex co-exposures is necessary for a …

Despite much progress in regulations to improve paediatric drug development, there
remains a significant need to develop better medications for children. For the design of oral …

OBJECTIVES The safe use of medications in pediatric patients requires practitioners to
consider the unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs prescribed in this …