Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in
which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The …

Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide.
Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related …

The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the
intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones …

The gut microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms, fulfilling important roles in
metabolism, nutritional intake, physiology and maturation of the immune system, but also …

The high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates associated with cerebrovascular disease
(CeVD) pose a severe danger to human health. Gut bacteria significantly affect the onset …

Microplastics (MPs), emerging environmental toxicants, have drawn attention because of
their wide distribution in the environment. Exposure to MPs induces gut microbiota …

Introduction Childhood obesity leads to early subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial
stiffness. Studying biomarkers like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), linked to cardio …

Choline is an essential nutrient that is involved in various developmental processes during
pregnancy. While the general adequate choline intake (AI) for adults has been set at 400 …

Background Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in various
physiologic functions. Through its metabolite betaine, it is closely connected to the one …

Background Mechanical strain plays a crucial role in chondrocyte apoptosis and
osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression through Piezo1. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is …