Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …

The pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been well-studied
in the past decade, but effective approaches to prevent and treat this disease are limited …

Background Diabetes is presently classified into two main forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
but type 2 diabetes in particular is highly heterogeneous. A refined classification could …

Epidemiological studies have suggested that cumulative diabetic exposure, namely
prolonged exposure to chronic hyperglycemia, contributes to the increased risk of …

The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney
disease (CKD) has prompted research efforts to tackle the growing epidemic of diabetic …

The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent
complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes significant visual loss on a global scale. Treatments for the
vision-threatening complications of diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic …

The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism by substrate sensing, trafficking, storage, and
utilization, dependent on availability and requirement, is known as metabolic flexibility. In …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end-stage kidney disease. However,
only renin-angiotensin system inhibitor with multidisciplinary treatments is effective for DKD …

Persistent hyperglycemic state in type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the initiation and
progression of non-enzymatic glycation reaction with proteins and lipids and nucleic acids …