In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system
known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …

Abstract Purpose of Review Effective acute pain management has evolved considerably in
recent years and is a primary area of focus in attempts to defend against the opioid …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their
short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; …

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a multifunctional nuclear protein, exists mainly within
the nucleus of all mammal eukaryotic cells. It is actively secreted by the necrotic cells as a …

The development of cutting-edge techniques to study specific brain regions and neural
circuits that regulate sleep–wake brain states and general anesthesia (GA), has increased …

Purpose To quantify potential heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE), of early sedation with
dexmedetomidine (DEX) compared with usual care, and identify patients who have a high …

Dexmedetomidin is a new-generation, highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist with a
large number of advantages, including its sedative and analgesic properties, its ability to …

Background. Exposure of infant animals to clinically used anaesthetics is associated with
acute structural brain abnormalities and development functional alterations. The α2 …

Study objective To evaluate all available evidence thus far on opioid based versus opioid-
free anesthesia and its effect on acute and chronic postoperative pain. Design Systematic …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the central nervous system (CNS) via the
glymphatic pathway to clear the interstitium of metabolic waste. In preclinical studies …