Viruses are ubiquitous, essential components of any ecosystem, and of multicellular
organism holobionts. Numerous viruses cause acute infection, killing the host or being …

In diseases where epigenetic mechanisms are changed, such as cancer, many genes show
altered gene expression and inhibited genes become activated. Human endogenous …

The footprint of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), specifically HERV-K, has been
found in malignancies, such as melanoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer …

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) reexpress hypermethylated genes in cancers
and leukemias and also activate endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), leading to interferon …

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of individuals
worldwide. Increased innate immune activation and neuronal apoptosis are common …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are transposable genomic elements generally
repressed through DNA methylation. HERVs can be demethylated and expressed in …

Simple Summary Endogenous viruses are “ancient” viruses that have coevolved with their
host species for millions of years, developing strategies to maintain an equilibrium state with …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently a first-line treatment option for clear cell
renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, recent clinical studies have shown that a large …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are 'fossil viruses' that resulted from stable
integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pathogen sensing receptors that respond to diverse
microbial ligands, and trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection …