Objective To review the literature regarding the effects of exercise in patients with
musculoskeletal pain on modifying:(1) the plasma or cerebral spinal fluid concentrations of …

Pathological pain is regulated by a balance between pro-algesic and analgesic
mechanisms. Interactions between opioid peptide-producing immune cells and peripheral …

Vincristine is a common anti-cancer therapy administered for the treatment of many types of
tumors. Its dose-limiting side effect is the production of peripheral neuropathy, resulting in …

Previous studies have focused on strategies for pain relief based on the peripheral opioid
system. However, little is known with regard to the profile of the peripheral opioid system in …

Endogenous opioids are known to be released within certain brain areas following stressful
stimuli. Recently, it was shown that also leukocytes are a potential source of endogenously …

Objectives The induction of analgesia for many chronic cutaneous lesions requires
treatment with an opioid analgesic. In many patients suffering with these wounds such drugs …

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: O crescente uso de opioides para o tratamento da dor é uma
realidade em vários países. Com o aumento do uso aparecem questionamentos menos …

Tissue destruction is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory reaction
leads to activation of nociceptors and the sensation of pain. Several mediators are …

Background Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) can be produced by different types of
conditioning stimuli, but the analgesic properties and underlying mechanisms remain …

Background Neurokinins (eg, substance P) contribute to pain transmission in the central
nervous system, peripheral neurogenic inflammation, and leukocyte recruitment in …