Mental representations remain the central posits of psychology after many decades of
scrutiny. However, there is no consensus about the representational format (s) of biological …

There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of
abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for …

Abstract Mathematics skills relate to lifelong career, health and financial outcomes.
Individuals' cognitive abilities predict mathematics performance and there is growing …

There has long been interest in how the mind represents numerical magnitude, particularly
in the absence of symbols. For humans and nonhuman animals, number represents a core …

Mathematics skills are associated with future employment, well-being, and quality of life.
However, many adults and children fail to learn the mathematics skills they require. To …

Social norms are commonly understood as rules that dictate which behaviors are
appropriate, permissible, or obligatory in different situations for members of a given …

Rational numbers (ie, fractions, percentages, decimals, and whole-number frequencies) are
notoriously difficult mathematical constructs. Yet correctly interpreting rational numbers is …

Animals' negotiations with the environment frequently involve quantitative assessments.
However, it is largely unknown how different nervous systems can deal with information …

Humans are unique in their capacity to both represent number exactly and to express these
representations symbolically. This correlation has prompted debate regarding whether …

Why would we want to develop artificial human-like arithmetical intelligence, when
computers already outperform humans in arithmetical calculations? Aside from arithmetic …