The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in
nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active …

Cancer constitutes a set of diseases with heterogeneous molecular pathologies. However,
there are a number of universal aberrations common to all cancers, one of these being the …

Background Copper ions are essential for cellular physiology. Cuproptosis is a novel
method of copper-dependent cell death, and the cuproptosis-based signature for glioma …

We describe the landscape of somatic genomic alterations based on multidimensional and
comprehensive characterization of more than 500 glioblastoma tumors (GBMs). We identify …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an undefined role in the pathobiology of
glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These tumors are genetically and phenotypically …

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was discovered and identified as
an IGF system regulator, controlling the distribution, function, and activity of IGFs in the …

Background Breast cancer formation is associated with frequent changes in DNA
methylation but the extent of very early alterations in DNA methylation and the biological …

Glioblastomas exhibit widespread molecular alterations including a highly distorted
epigenome. Here, we resolve genome-wide 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine …

Ten-eleven translocation proteins (TET1-3) are dioxygenases that oxidize 5-
methyldeoxycytosine, thus taking part in passive and active demethylation. TETs have …

The ubiquitous nature of the IGF system, expressed early in embryonic development
throughout postnatal and adult life, indicates a key role for this system in human biology …