Hormones are largely responsible for the integrated communication of several physiological
systems responsible for modulating cellular growth and development. Although the specific …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex under the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis control, one of the major neuro-endocrine systems of the organism …

Thiram is used in large quantities in agriculture and may contaminate the environment by
improper handling or storage in chemical plants and warehouses. A review of the literature …

Salivary cortisol is frequently used as a biomarker of psychological stress. However,
psychobiological mechanisms, which trigger the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis …

Measuring HPA axis activity is the standard approach to the study of stress and welfare in
farm animals. Although the reference technique is the use of blood plasma to measure …

Context: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that
increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease. The common …

Recent studies report benefits from corticosteroid treatment in patients with septic shock.
This review summarizes the physiology of the corticosteroid response in acute illness. The …

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) interconverts inactive cortisone and
active cortisol. Although bidirectional, in vivo it is believed to function as a reductase …

The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health.
The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions …

Recent data suggests that (pre) diabetes onset is preceded by a period of hyperinsulinemia.
Consumption of the “modern” Western diet, over-nutrition, genetic background, decreased …