Fibromyalgia (FM) is considered a multifactorial disorder/syndrome with not fully understood
etiology. Chronic generalized pain is the main symptom. A broad spectrum of factors is …

Background Although many works have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for
diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD), the widely accepted biomarkers are still not …

Opioids are regarded as among the most effective analgesic drugs and their use for the
management of pain is considered standard of care. Despite their systematic administration …

Background During general anesthesia, the surgical pleth index (SPI) monitors nociception.
The evidence of SPI in the elderly remains scarce. We aimed to investigate whether there is …

Background Opioid anesthetic agents can modulate the impaired immune response in
obese patients through mechanisms that involve the expression and release of cytokines …

Background The most favorable anesthesia protocol during on-pump coronary artery bypass
grafting (CABG) in patients with coronary heart disease remains unclear, despite previous …

Analgesia within the intensive care unit (ICU) is often achieved via the utilization of opioids
in alignment with current guidelines. Recent evidence has not only demonstrated the …

A weakened immune system and more inflammatory cytokines being released are possible
effects of the surgical stress that a cesarean section induces. This kind of reaction, in …

Management of postoperative pain is of vital importance for patients undergoing Video‐
Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for Pulmonary Carcinoma Resection. The study …

Background Although opioids provide effective analgesia for abdominal surgery, they also
present serious unwanted side effects. Ultrasound-guild quadratus lumborum block (QLB) …