Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a key role in the elimination of intracellular infections and
malignant cells and can provide long-term protective immunity. In the response to infection …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Chronic non-healing wounds are a major complication of diabetes, which affects 1 in 10
people worldwide. Dying cells in the wound perpetuate the inflammation and contribute to …

This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily
of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently …

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating
becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient …

Cancer cells require a massive supply of nutrients, including sugars and amino acids—the
upregulation of transporters for each nutrient contributes to meet the demand. Distinct from …

Cysteine plays an essential role in cellular redox homoeostasis as a key constituent of the
tripeptide glutathione (GSH). A rate limiting step in cellular GSH synthesis is the availability …

Ferroptosis is a type of oxidative stress-dependent regulated necrosis characterized by
excessive lipid peroxide accumulation. This novel cell death modality has been implicated in …

Cells have a constant turnover of proteins that recycle most amino acids over time. Net loss
is mainly due to amino acid oxidation. Homeostasis is achieved through exchange of …

Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane-bound transport proteins that mediate
transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs have diverse …