Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Autoreactive B cells and interferons are central players in systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) pathogenesis. The partial success of drugs targeting these pathways, however …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune disease which
may affect every organ and tissue. Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and the …

The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial, and includes
contributions from the environment, stochastic factors, and genetic susceptibility. Great gains …

The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last
decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fibrous networks which protrude from the
membranes of activated neutrophils. NETs are found in a variety of conditions such as …

This review attempts to cover the implication of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in controlling
immune functions with emphasis on their significance, function, regulation and expression …

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate
defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly …

Research elucidating the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has defined
two critical families of mediators, type I interferon (IFN-I) and autoantibodies targeting nucleic …