Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. During the development
of cardiovascular diseases, hypoxia plays a crucial role. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are …

Atherosclerosis is a highly prevalent disease that can significantly increase the risk of major
vascular events, such as myocardial or cerebral infarctions. The anoxemia theory states that …

Objective—Atherosclerosis develops near branches and bends of arteries that are exposed
to low shear stress (mechanical drag). These sites are characterized by excessive …

Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects
the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From …

Objective—Atherosclerotic lesions contain hypoxic areas, but the pathophysiological
importance of hypoxia is unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key …

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α promote cellular adaptation to acute
hypoxia, but during prolonged activation, these isoforms exert mutually antagonistic effects …

HIF-1α exerts both detrimental and beneficial actions in atherosclerosis. While there is
evidence that HIF-1α could be pro-atherogenic within the atheromatous plaque …

Aging is one of the hottest topics in biomedical research. Advances in research and
medicine have helped to preserve human health, leading to an extension of life expectancy …

Lipid accumulation in macrophages (Mφs) is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, yet how lipid
accumulation affects inflammatory responses through rewiring of Mφ metabolism is poorly …

Background The limited therapeutic outcomes of atherosclerosis (AS) have allowed,
traditional Chinese medicine has been well established as an alternative approach in …