Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease,
the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For …

This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily
of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently …

The intestinal barrier is complex and consists of multiple layers, and it provides a physical
and functional barrier to the transport of luminal contents to systemic circulation. While the …

Histidine is a dietary essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized in humans. The
WHO/FAO requirement for adults for histidine is 10 mg· kg body weight-1· d-1. Histidine is …

Cells have a constant turnover of proteins that recycle most amino acids over time. Net loss
is mainly due to amino acid oxidation. Homeostasis is achieved through exchange of …

Interactions between the nervous and immune systems enable the gut to respond to the
variety of dietary products that it absorbs, the broad spectrum of pathogens that it …

Nucleotides are required for a wide variety of biological processes and are constantly
synthesized de novo in all cells. When cells proliferate, increased nucleotide synthesis is …

The interaction between host and external environment mainly occurs in the gastrointestinal
tract, where the mucosal barrier has a critical role in many physiologic functions ranging …

Glutamate is the most abundant free amino acid in the brain and is at the crossroad between
multiple metabolic pathways. Considering this, it was a surprise to discover that glutamate …

Threonine (Thr), an essential amino acid for animals and the limiting amino acid in swine
and poultry diets, which plays a vital role in the modulation of nutritional metabolism …