Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is classified into five stages with kidney failure being the most
severe stage (stage G5). CKD conveys a high risk for coronary artery disease, heart failure …

Background The low-grade chronic inflammation in diabetes plays an important role in
development of cardiovascular and renal complications. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 …

OBJECTIVE The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with cardiovascular
(CV) and kidney outcomes in various populations. However, data in patients with type 2 …

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is hyperglycemic or elevated blood glucose level and deficiency of
insulin level. DM treatment using synthetic drugs has several complexities, side effects …

Background and Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to determine the
role of oxidative markers (glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) …

Hyperlipidemia is confirmed to be associated with several health problems that include the
combination of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, ie, metabolic syndrome …

Graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) is becoming an increasingly popular
biosensing platform for monitoring health conditions through biomarker detection. Moreover …

Aims Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost basis of end-stage kidney failure implicating
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysregulation of Rho kinase/Rock pathway …

The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus is increasing globally. Individuals who have been
burdened with diabetes for many years often develop complications as a result of …

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is challenging to diagnose and treat since
symptoms appear late during the progression of atherosclerosis. Conventional risk factors …