Although the oral route is the most convenient route for drug administration, there are a
number of circumstances where this is not possible from either a clinical or pharmaceutical …

Background Traditionally, there has been a common belief that ongoing intravenous (IV)
antibiotic therapy is superior to an early IV to oral switch, especially for severe infections …

The study of medications among pediatric patients has increased worldwide since 1997 in
response to new legislation and regulations, but these studies have not yet adequately …

Medical emergencies such as insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, anaphylactic reactions,
seizures and opioid induced respiratory depression, need to be treated as quickly as …

The development of age-appropriate formulations should focus on dosage forms that can
deliver variable yet accurate doses that are safe and acceptable to the child, are matched to …

Neonatal Infections are among the most common reasons for admission to the intensive
care unit. Neonatal sepsis (NS) significantly contributes to mortality rates. Empiric antibiotic …

The World Health Organization identifies tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, as a leading infectious killer. Although conventional treatments for TB exist …

The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a “carrot-and-stick”-based
tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult …

During the neonatal period, there is physiological immaturity of organs, systems and
metabolic pathways that influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of …

To date, up to 65% of drugs used in neonates and infants are off-label or unlicensed, as they
were implemented in clinical care without the usual regulatory phases of pharmacological …