Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in
the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for …

In The Lancet, we have published the findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries,
and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 in a series of six Articles. 1–6 GBD began in 1991 and …

The long delay before genomic technologies become available in low-and middle-income
countries is a concern from both scientific and ethical standpoints. Polygenic risk scores …

Aim To (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of severe periodontitis and
edentulism in 2021, and (ii) forecast their rates in 2050. Methods Prevalence, incidence, and …

Clinical question What is the impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors
on survival and on cardiovascular and kidneyoutcomes for adults living with chronic kidney …

In their study published in The Lancet, the GBD 2021 Forecasting Collaborators1 assessed
cause-specific mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life …

The study aims were (1) to explore whether “periodontal treatment” consisting of surgical
therapy (flap, resective, or regenerative) or scaling and root planing treatment with long‐term …

Background Smoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting
for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4· 30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to …

Background The burden of common urologic diseases, including benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer …

Abstract Purpose of Review Individuals with diabetes face increased risk of atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), in part due to hyperlipidemia. Even after LDL cholesterol …