Enzymes synthesized by hyperthermophiles (bacteria and archaea with optimal growth
temperatures of> 80° C), also called hyperthermophilic enzymes, are typically thermostable …

DNA that is transmitted to daughter cells must be accurately duplicated to maintain genetic
integrity and to promote genetic continuity. A major function of replicative DNA polymerases …

Genetic information storage and processing rely on just two polymers, DNA and RNA, yet
whether their role reflects evolutionary history or fundamental functional constraints is …

Structures of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II have been derived from two crystal
forms at 2.8 and 3.1 angstrom resolution. Comparison of the structures reveals a division of …

We describe compartmentalized self-replication (CSR), a strategy for the directed evolution
of enzymes, especially polymerases. CSR is based on a simple feedback loop consisting of …

Deamination of cytosine to uracil is one of the major pro-mutagenic events in DNA, causing
G: C→ A: T transition mutations if not repaired before replication. Repair of uracil-DNA is …

▪ Abstract DNA polymerase (pol) γ is the sole DNA polymerase in animal mitochondria.
Biochemical and genetic evidence document a key role for pol γ in mitochondrial DNA …

Binuclear metallohydrolases are a structurally diverse group of enzymes that use binuclear
metal ion centers to catalyze the hydrolysis of amides and esters of carboxylic and …

Mechanisms that allow replicative DNA polymerases to attain high processivity are often
specific to a given polymerase and cannot be generalized to others. Here we report a …

Disulfide bonds are covalent bonds formed post-translationally by the oxidation of a pair of
cysteines. A disulfide bond can serve structural, catalytic, and signaling roles. However …