The traditional view of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a self-inflicted
disease caused by tobacco smoking in genetically susceptible individuals has been …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

To the editor—The neuroscience of trauma informs us that the Russian invasion of Ukraine
may have alarming implications for global mental health, affecting not only Ukrainian but …

Strong evidence suggests that early-life exposures to suboptimal environmental factors,
including those in utero, influence our long-term metabolic health. This has been termed …

Severe or chronic stress and trauma can have a detrimental impact on health. Evidence
suggests that early-life adversity can become biologically embedded and has the potential …

Background Multiple published sources from around the world have confirmed an
association between an array of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other traumatic …

One of the most important developing cell types in any biological system is the gamete
(sperm and egg). The transmission of phenotypes and optimally adapted physiology to …

Transmission of epigenetic information between generations occurs in nematodes, flies and
plants, mediated by specialised small RNA pathways, modified histones and DNA …

Many dogs and cats are affected by chronic diseases that significantly impact their health
and welfare and relationships with humans. Some of these diseases can be challenging to …

Emerging research suggests that exposures occurring years before conception are
important determinants of the health of future offspring and subsequent generations …