BACKGROUND Organoids are stem cell–derived structures generated in vitro that display
the three-dimensional architecture and physiology of intact organs. They offer unique …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to a wide range of degenerative and metabolic
diseases, cancer, and aging. All these clinical manifestations arise from the central role of …

Leigh syndrome is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, typically manifesting in infancy
or early childhood. However, also late-onset cases have been reported. Since its first …

CRISPR is widely considered to be a disruptive technology. However, when it comes to the
most controversial topic, germline genome editing (GGE), there is no consensus on whether …

Pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is generally defined as the testing of pre‐
implantation stage embryos or oocytes for genetic defects. It has been developed for …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders are recognized as one of the most common causes of
inherited metabolic disorders. The mitochondrial genome occurs in multiple copies resulting …

Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT s) have the potential to allow prospective
parents who are at risk of passing on debilitating or even life‐threatening mitochondrial …

STUDY QUESTION How has the interface between genetics and assisted reproduction
technology (ART) evolved since 2005? SUMMARY ANSWER The interface between ART …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are a relatively common cause of progressive
disorders that can be severe or even life-threatening. There is currently no cure for these …

Abstract This Task Force document discusses some relatively unexplored ethical issues
involved in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The document starts from the wide …