Glucocorticoid action on target tissues is determined by the density of “nuclear” receptors
and intracellular metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health.
The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions …

Mineralocorticoid receptors, both when in tissue extracts and when recombinant-derived,
have equal affinity for the physiological mineralocorticoid aldosterone and for the …

The glucocorticoids, cortisol and corticosterone, have a unique function in the fetus in
inducing a wide range of enzymes before birth that have little or no function during fetal life …

1. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) 574 1.1. Control of glucocorticoid levels
during stress 577 1.2. The diurnal rhythm of HPA activity 579 2. Roles of corticotropin …

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess*
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I. Introduction W ITH advancing pregnancy in humans and nonhuman primates, the placenta
and fetal adrenal produce extremely large amounts of the steroid hormones estrogen …

In mammalian tissues, at least two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-
HSD) catalyze the interconversion of hormonally active C11-hydroxylated corticosteroids …

Survivors of preterm birth struggle with multitudes of disabilities due to improper in utero
programming of various tissues and organ systems contributing to adult-onset diseases at a …

The Type I (mineralocorticoid) receptor has identical affinities in vitro for cortisol and
aldosterone. It has been suggested that the selective role of aldosterone in regulating …