Copper is an indispensable trace metal element in the human body, which is mainly
absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and excreted into the bile. Copper is an …

Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are characterised by several risk factors, such as
inflammation, neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH). Vulnerable plaques …

Background The impact of sex in the management of carotid disease is unclear in the
current literature. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of sex on perioperative outcomes …

Background Frailty has been studied as a valuable predictor of adverse health events and
poor postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Thus, the use of simple and …

Carotid artery stenosis (CS) is a major medical problem affecting approximately 10% of the
general population 80 years or older and causes stroke in approximately 10% of all …

Peri-operative Medicine is the patient-centred and value-based multidisciplinary peri-
operative care of surgical patients. Peri-operative stress, that is the collective response to …

Background Symptomatic carotid stenosis is responsible for 10% of all strokes. Currently, CT
angiography (CTA) is the main diagnostic tool for carotid stenosis. It is frequently the only …

Background Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) occurs in 15% of patients
undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with general anesthesia. Short and long-term risk …

The European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) has recently prepared updated
guidelines for the management of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic …

Purpose To summarize the existing treatment options regarding central retinal artery
occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), arteritic anterior ischemic optic …