Arterial hypertension represents a serious public health problem, being a major cause of
morbidity and mortality worldwide. The availability of many antihypertensive therapeutic …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an intracellular enzyme responsible for
catalyzing the rate limiting step of tryptophan catabolism, plays a critical role in immune cell …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are
chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract whose prevalence has been …

Cell membrane engineering, including live cell membrane bioconjugation and cell
membrane-derived nanomaterials is a highly promising strategy to modulate immune …

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived
antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the …

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent and is also known to interact
with specific biological molecules and produce numerous side effects such as genotoxicity …

A recent clinical study showed that combination therapy consisting of mycophenolate
mofetil, tacrolimus and steroids was shown to be more effective in achieving complete …

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus account for most invasive fungal and
bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs), respectively. However, the initial point of invasion …

Introduction: Novel options for immune-based therapy in myasthenia gravis are improving
the therapeutic outlook for patients. Multiple clinical trials on immunomodulation …

Aims Spinal tuberculosis (TB) remains an important concern. Although spinal TB often has
sequelae such as myelopathy after treatment, the predictive factors affecting such …