Epigenetic research has accelerated rapidly in the twenty-first century, generating justified
excitement and hope, but also a degree of hype. Here we review how the field has evolved …

Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins are evolutionarily conserved chromatin-
modifying factors originally identified as part of an epigenetic cellular memory system that …

Complex multicellular organisms, such as mammals, express two complete sets of
chromosomes per nucleus, combining the genetic material of both parents. However …

DNA methylation (DNAme) and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have
important roles in transcriptional regulation. Although many reports have characterized the …

DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a major form of DNA modification in the
mammalian genome that plays critical roles in chromatin structure and gene expression. In …

Human fetal germ cells (FGCs) are precursors to sperm and eggs and are crucial for
maintenance of the species. However, the developmental trajectories and heterogeneity of …

Over the course of a human lifespan, genome integrity erodes, leading to an increased
abundance of several types of chromatin changes. The abundance of DNA lesions …

Background: Fetal macrosomia, defined as a birth weight≥ 4,000 g, may affect 12% of
newborns of normal women and 15-45% of newborns of women with gestational diabetes …

DNA methylation is among the best studied epigenetic modifications and is essential to
mammalian development. Although the methylation status of most CpG dinucleotides in the …

The prevailing views as to the form, function, and regulation of genomic methylation patterns
have their origin many years in the past, at a time when the structure of the mammalian …