Starch is an essential source of energy for the human diet. Resistant starch is the portion of
starch that is not digested in the small intestine and is fermented in the colon by …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators
to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental …

Fecal microbial community changes are associated with numerous disease states, including
cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, such data are merely associative. A causal …

Microbial and viral communities transform the chemistry of Earth's ecosystems, yet the
specific reactions catalyzed by these biological engines are hard to decode due to the …

The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated
circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has …

Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological
responses. Long-and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and …

Dr Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s advocating that
hypertension is the result of many factors that interact to raise blood pressure and cause end …

Background: Accumulating evidence has shown that disorders in the gut microbiota and
derived metabolites affect the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease …

It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic
inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our …

Variability in disease presentation, progression and treatment response has been a central
challenge in medicine. Although variability in host factors and genetics are important, it has …