In the last decade, preclinical investigations of electroacupuncture mechanisms on
persistent tissue injury (inflammatory), nerve injury (neuropathic), cancer, and visceral pain …

Pain can be an adaptive sensation, an early warning to protect the body from tissue injury.
By the introduction of hypersensitivity to normally innocuous stimuli, pain may also aid in …

Opioid receptors comprise μ (MOP), δ (DOP), κ (KOP), and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP)
receptors. Opioids are agonists of MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors, whereas …

Opioids are the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain, but they also cause
addiction and overdose deaths, which have led to a worldwide opioid crisis. Therefore, the …

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central
side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting …

CB2 cannabinoid receptor-selective agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of
pain. CB2 receptor activation inhibits acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain responses …

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and
Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum …

This review summarizes recent findings on peripheral mechanisms underlying the
generation and inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Endogenous opioids are synthesized in vivo to modulate pain mechanisms and
inflammatory pathways. Endogenous and exogenous opioids mediate analgesia in …