Cytosine methylation is a DNA modification generally associated with transcriptional
silencing. Factors that regulate methylation have been linked to human disease, yet how …

Genetic and epigenetic modifications in DNA contribute to altered gene expression in aging
and cancer. In human cancers, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone …

In mammalian cells, DNA methylation on the fifth position of cytosine (5mC) plays an
important role as an epigenetic mark. However, DNA methylation was considered to be …

Vertebrate CpG islands (CGIs) are short interspersed DNA sequences that deviate
significantly from the average genomic pattern by being GC-rich, CpG-rich, and …

Mammalian genomes are punctuated by DNA sequences containing an atypically high
frequency of CpG sites termed CpG islands (CGIs). CGIs generally lack DNA methylation …

CpG islands (CGIs) are vertebrate genomic landmarks that encompass the promoters of
most genes and often lack DNA methylation. Querying their apparent importance, the …

Methylation of mammalian DNA can lead to repression of transcription and alteration of
chromatin structure. Recent evidence suggests that both effects are the result of an …

In most higher organisms, DNA is modified after synthesis by the enzymatic conversion of
many cytosine residues to 5-methylcytosine. For several years, control of gene activity by …

DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of the pyrimidine
cytosine ring (5-methylcytosine, 5mC). 5mC is widespread in vertebrate genomes where it is …

The term “epigenetics” was introduced in 1942 by embryologist Conrad Waddington, who,
relating it to the 17th century concept of “epigenesis”, defined it as the complex of …