The complement system is one of the oldest known tightly regulated host defense systems
evolved for efficiently functioning cell-based immune systems and antibodies. Essentially …

The importance of the complement component C1q has been highlighted by its involvement
in autoimmunity, infection, inflammatory diseases, and tumors. The unique tulip-like structure …

Nonunion describes bone fractures that fail to heal, resulting in the fracture callus failing to
fully ossify or, in atrophic cases, not forming altogether. Fracture healing is regulated, in part …

Sepsis is defined as “a life‐threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host
systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection.” At present, sepsis continues to …

Background Whole body ischemia and reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest leads to the
massive inflammation clinically manifested in the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Previous …

Heart valves have extraordinary fatigue resistance which beat≈ 3 billion times in a lifetime.
Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) made from fixed heteroplasm that are incrementally used …

Evidence implicating complement in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases
(NDDs) has accumulated over the past decade, revealing complement as a driver of …

Complement not only plays a key role in host microbial defense but also modulates the
adaptive immune response through modification of T-and B-cell reactivity. Moreover, a …

Dysfunctional complement activation and Toll-like receptor signaling immediately after
trauma are associated with development of trauma-induced coagulopathy and multiple …

As part of the innate immune system, complement plays a critical role in the elimination of
pathogens and mobilization of cellular immune responses. In the central nervous system …