Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide
characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and …

Antibiotics are recognised as, on occasion, producing psychiatric side effects, most notably
depression and anxiety. Apart from antimicrobial activity, antibiotics have multiple off‐target …

Background Considerable evidence has been reported that tobacco use could cause
alterations in gut microbiota composition. The microbiota-gut–brain axis also in turn hinted at …

The microbiota-gut-brain axis or simple gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex and interactive
bidirectional communication network linking the gut to the brain. Alterations in the …

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body
systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which …

Background A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly linked
to general human health. Microbiome-directed interventions, such as diet and exercise, are …

Gut microbes are associated with the development of depression based on extensive
evidence. However, previous studies have led to conflicting reports on this association …

The prenatal and early postnatal periods are stages during which dynamic changes and the
development of the brain and gut microbiota occur, and nutrition is one of the most important …

Background Although the advent of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) has
transformed HIV into a manageable chronic disease, an estimated 30–50% of people living …

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the
gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough …