In 1925, 5-methylcytosine was first reported in bacteria. However, its biological importance
was not intuitive for several decades. After this initial lag, the ubiquitous presence of this …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Dysregulation of the epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programmes that promote
cancer onset and progression. Although defective gene regulation often affects oncogenic …

The DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family comprises a conserved set of DNA-modifying
enzymes that have a central role in epigenetic gene regulation. Recent studies have shown …

DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a major form of DNA modification in the
mammalian genome that plays critical roles in chromatin structure and gene expression. In …

Chromatin, the template for epigenetic regulation, is a highly dynamic entity that is constantly
reshaped during early development and differentiation. Epigenetic modification of chromatin …

DNA methylation is a key layer of epigenetic regulation. The deposition of methylation marks
relies on the catalytic activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and their active removal …

DNA methylation is one of the best characterized epigenetic modifications. In mammals it is
involved in various biological processes including the silencing of transposable elements …

Methylation of DNA is an essential epigenetic control mechanism in mammals. During
embryonic development, cells are directed toward their future lineages, and DNA …

Almost half of the human genome is made up of transposable elements (TEs), and about 8%
consists of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs are remnants of ancient exogenous …