In 1925, 5-methylcytosine was first reported in bacteria. However, its biological importance
was not intuitive for several decades. After this initial lag, the ubiquitous presence of this …

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise about half of the mammalian genome. TEs often
contain sequences capable of recruiting the host transcription machinery, which they use to …

Cytosine methylation efficiently silences CpG-rich regulatory regions of genes and repeats
in mammalian genomes. To what extent this entails direct inhibition of transcription factor …

Chronic antigen stimulation during viral infections and cancer can lead to T cell exhaustion,
which is characterized by reduced effector function and proliferation, and the expression of …

Over time, the human DNA methylation landscape accrues substantial damage, which has
been associated with a broad range of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular …

Astrocytes control multiple processes in the nervous system in health and disease. It is now
clear that specific astrocyte subsets or activation states are associated with specific genomic …

Nickel is a transition element extensively distributed in the environment, air, water, and soil.
It may derive from natural sources and anthropogenic activity. Although nickel is ubiquitous …

Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including cancer and immune-
mediated inflammatory diseases. Tobacco smoke contains a mixture of chemicals, including …

Cells differentiate and progress through development guided by a dynamic chromatin
landscape that mediates gene expression programmes. During development, mammalian …

Curing cancer through precision medicine is the paramount aim of the new wave of
molecular and genomic therapies. Currently, whether patients with non-reproductive …