The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family factors induce pleiotropic effects and are
involved in the regulation of most normal and pathological cellular processes. The activity of …

Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while
most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the …

The extracellular signaling protein Reelin, indispensable for proper neuronal migration and
cortical layering during development, is also expressed in the adult brain where it modulates …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous silencers of
target genes. Some tumor-suppressive miRNAs are known to be epigenetically silenced by …

Epigenetic changes are thought to lead to alterations in the property of cells, such as
differentiation potential. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) differentiate only into neurons in the …

Ascorbic acid (AA, vitamin C) serves as a cofactor for ten-eleven translocation (TET)
enzymes and induces DNA demethylation in vitro. However, its role in DNA demethylation in …

Basic helix–loop–helix/Per–Arnt–Sim (bHLH/PAS) transcription factors function broadly in
development, homeostasis and stress response. Active bHLH/PAS heterodimers consist of a …

Background To discover cancer specific DNA methylation markers, large-scale screening
methods are widely used. The pharmacological unmasking expression microarray approach …

Abstract Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, BrdU) is a halogenated nucleotide
of low toxicity commonly used to monitor DNA replication. It is considered a valuable tool for …

Background: Testicular embryonal carcinoma (EC) is a major subtype of non-seminomatous
germ cell tumours in males. Embryonal carcinomas are pluripotent, undifferentiated germ …