Abstract Background and Aims: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has always been
controversial in its therapeutic strategy. Although invasive treatment and optimal medication …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disease characterised by insulin
resistance and elevated blood glucose levels, affecting millions of people worldwide. T2DM …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent, estimated to affect over 800 million
people worldwide. Diabetes is a leading cause of kidney disease. Both diabetes and CKD …

Current cardiovascular disease prevention strategies are based on the management of
cardiovascular risk as a continuum, redefining the therapeutic goals for each individual …

The Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce cardiovascular outcomes (CVOs). 15
From the SIREN study, 11 daily consumption of green leafy vegetables was found to be …

Background Center-based cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRPs) reduce morbidity and
mortality after an ischemic cardiac event; however, they are widely underused. Home-based …

1 Healthcare providers are responsible for choosing the right treatment for each patient, and
that 2 require professional skills in using the best information based on the scientific …

Background Pharmacological treatment with lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs has
been proposed as a strategy to improve excess cardiovascular (CV) risk among obese …

Introduction Over the course of 2022, numerous key clinical trials with valuable contributions
to clinical cardiology were published or presented at major international conferences. This …

Background Cardiometabolic disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple
metabolic disorders, with atherosclerosis as the core and cardiovascular and …