A growing number of human gut microbiome studies consistently describe differences
between human populations. Here, we review how factors related to host genetics, ethnicity …

In humans, the gut microbiota (GM) are known to play a significant role in the metabolism of
nutrients and drugs, immunomodulation, and pathogen defense by inhabiting the …

Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of brain circuits to reorganize and change the properties
of the network, resulting in alterations in brain function and behavior. It is traditionally …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a nerve network composed of neurons and glial cells
that regulates the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is …

The gut microbiome is a collection of microorganisms and parasites in the gastrointestinal
tract. Many factors can affect this community's composition, such as age, sex, diet …

Growing evidence is demonstrating the connection between the microbiota gut-brain axis
and neurodevelopment. Microbiota colonization occurs before the maturation of many …

Τhe importance of the gut microbiome and its functions has only recently been recognized
and researched in greater depth. The establishment of the human gut microbiome begins in …

The need to find new therapeutic interventions in patients diagnosed with psychiatric
disorders is supported by the data suggesting high rates of relapse, chronic evolution …

The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the multifactorial interactions between the intestine
microflora and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, connecting brain activity and …

The human brain remains one of the greatest challenges for modern medicine, yet it is one
of the most integral and sometimes overlooked aspects of medicine. The human brain …