Systemically administered opioids are among the most powerful analgesics for treating
severe pain. Several negative side effects (respiratory depression, addiction, nausea and …

Pain can be induced by tissue injuries, diseases and infections. The interactions between
the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system are primary actions in pain …

The immune system is critically involved in the development and maintenance of chronic
pain. However, T cells, one of the main regulators of the immune response, have only …

Understanding the mechanisms that drive transition from acute to chronic pain is essential to
identify new therapeutic targets. The importance of endogenous resolution pathways acting …

Chemokines and opioids are important regulators of immune, inflammatory and neuronal
responses in peripheral and central pain pathways. Recent studies have provided insights …

The processing of pain in the central nervous system is now known to have an important
immune component, including T cells of the adaptive immune system. T cells have been …

Background & Aims A dysregulated response of CD4+ T cells against the microbiota
contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Effector CD4+ T cells …

The gut-brain axis is now considered as a major actor in the control of glycemia. Recent
discoveries show that the enteric nervous system (ENS) informs the hypothalamus of the …

Background Chronic pain and depression often co-occur. The mechanisms underlying this
comorbidity are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of CD3+ T cells in …

Opioids are the gold standard for pain treatment but systemic opioid use is accompanied by
central and intestinal side effects. As opioid receptors are expressed on peripheral sensory …