This paper reviews the research evidence concerning the intergenerational transmission of
trauma effects and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms in this transmission. Two …

The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress because it perceives and
determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders
seen by clinicians in both primary and secondary care. Since publication of the last British …

This article synthesizes knowledge on the role of relationships and key macro and micro-
contexts—poverty, racism, families, communities, schools, and peers—in supporting and/or …

The brain is the central organ involved in perceiving and adapting to social and physical
stressors via multiple interacting mediators, from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton to …

The hippocampus provided the gateway into much of what we have learned about stress
and brain structural and functional plasticity, and this initial focus has expanded to other …

Background Research on early adversity, stress biology, and child development has grown
exponentially in recent years. Findings We review the current evidence for the hypothalamic …

The brain is a vital organ, susceptible to alterations under genetic influences and
environmental experiences. Social isolation (SI) acts as a stressor which results in …

The multimodal properties of the human somatosensory system continue to be unravelled.
There is mounting evidence that one of these submodalities—touch—has another …

Social isolation has been recognized as a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in
humans for more than a quarter of a century. Although the focus of research has been on …