Almost 50% of prescription drugs lack age-appropriate dosing guidelines and therefore are
used “off-label.” Only~ 10% drugs prescribed to neonates and infants have been studied for …

Profound changes in drug metabolizing enzyme expression occurs during development that
impacts drug efficacy and the risk of adverse events in the neonate and young child. A …

Introduction: There are profound changes that take place in drug metabolism enzymes
during fetal and postnatal development. These changes may significantly impact drug …

Fetal exposure to xenobiotics is modulated to a considerable degree by the metabolic
capabilities of the mother and the placenta. However, once liberated from the uterine …

Drug metabolism importantly determines drug concentrations. The efficacy and safety of
many drugs prescribed for children are, therefore, dependent on intraindividual and …

Capturing ontogeny of enzymes involved in phase I metabolism is crucial to improve
prediction of dose‐concentration and concentration‐effect relationships throughout infancy …

Rapid age-related physiologic changes in the pediatric age group, especially during the first
postnatal year, affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. This …

Pediatric pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) differ from adults in multiple
aspects. The extrapolation of PK/PD data from adults to children is not always simple …

The goal of rational drug therapy is to produce a desired pharmacological response in an
acceptable and predictable manner while minimizing the occurrence of undesired events. In …

Pharmacokinetic data reported during the past two decades clearly demonstrate that
development markedly influences the absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of …